Why is this important?
Fossil fuels remain the backbone of the energy system, making up 87% of the total energy mix (1) and are the major anthropogenic source of greenhouse gases. Any increase in global energy consumption hinders climate change mitigation.
Digital technologies are essential for sustainable development and appear to be critical for reducing emissions from business travel.
However, the environmental impacts of the growing use of digital technology are usually underestimated and represent a risk if not properly addressed in climate roadmaps.
Key solutions
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#1 Data centres
Although often invisible, data centre emissions are significant and must be taken into account to reduce the environmental footprint of digital activities.
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#2 User data storage
A significant proportion of data exchanged and stored can be reduced without impacting functionalities or performance, but simply by changing usage patterns.
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#3 User level practices
There is often a lack of knowledge and awareness of the environmental impacts of digital activities, along with best practices.
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#4 Eco-search browsers
Search engines are not equivalent when it comes to the environment. Some consume more energy, some donate part of their profits to environmental projects without impacting search performance or data safety.
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#5 Eco-web & documents design
Eco-friendly websites require less energy to run, lighter documents require less energy to save and share.
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Diverse tools to know how green your website is
- Ecograder – How green is your website?
- Beacon – Calculate the environmental impact of a web page
- Cabin – Carbon conscious web analytics
- The Green Web Foundation – Is your website hosted green?
- Electricity production and sources – World map (in French)
- Ecoping – Tracking the impact of the world’s largest company websites.
- Website Carbon Calculator
Green eco-search browsers
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Green eco-search browsers
Tools and good practices
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WWF, Apprendre à réduire son empreinte numérique, (FR)
This resource offers advice and best practices for reducing your digital footprint on a daily basis.
Explore here -
Cleanfox, Clean your mailbox
A tool to clean up your inbox and reduce your environmental impact.
Explore here -
Sustainable Web Manifesto
This resource provides principles for designing and supporting a more sustainable web.
Explore here
To go further
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Green IT, The environmental footprint of the digital world, 2019
A study quantifying digital technologies’ environmental footprint between 2010 and 2025.
Explore here -
The Shift Project, Towards digital sobriety, 2019
The report suggests an approach to reduce digital technology’s environmental impact, optimising infrastructure and usage for a sustainable energy transition.
Explore here -
The Shift Project, Deploying digital sobriety, 2020
This report provides a framework for integrating digital sobriety into public policy, corporate strategies, and private use, promoting a more responsible and energy-efficient digital ecosystem.
Explore here
Web browsers and search engines
Digital
Sources
(1) Energy institute, ‘Statistical Review of World Energy’, Energy Institute, 2025, Available here , (accessed 14 August 2025).
(2) ETEnergyWorld, ‘Energy intensity of global ICT sector expanding at 4 per cent annually: Study’, ETEnergyWorld, 2019, Available here, (accessed 14 August 2025).
(3) The Shift Project, ‘Environmental impacts of digital technology: 5-year trends and 5G governance’, The Shift Project, 2021, Available here, (accessed 14 August 2025).
(4) ABB, ‘Climatisation des centres de données’, ABB, 2020, Available here, (accessed 14 August 2025).
(5) Mariblanca, I., ‘The growing environmental impact of digital technology’, Alpict, Available here, (accessed 14 August 2025).
(6) Direction interministérielle de la transformation publique, ‘Le Guide écoresponsable au bureau de la DITP’, Direction interministérielle de la transformation publique, Available here, (accessed 14 August 2025).
(7) Infomaniak, [website], Available here, (accessed 14 August 2025).
(8) University of St Andrews, ‘St Andrews adopts green web technology’, University of St Andrews, 2022, Available here, (accessed 14 August 2025).
(9) Ecosia, [website], Available here, (accessed 14 August 2025).
(10) BNP Paribas, ‘Green IT: Sustainable data centers for a responsible digitalisation’, BNP Paribas, 2022, Available here, (accessed 14 August 2025).
(11) Roussilhe, G., ‘Towards a Fossil-Free Internet: The Fog of Enactment’, Green Web Foundation, 2021, Available here, (accessed 14 August 2025).
(12) EcoPing, ‘Tools to reduce your company’s website carbon emissions’, EcoPing, Available here, (accessed 14 August 2025).
(13) Sustainable Web Design, ‘What is sustainable web design’, Sustainable Web Design, Available here, (accessed 14 August 2025).
(14) Sustainable Web Manifesto, [website], Available here, (accessed 14 August 2025).
Acknowledgements
Last updated 26th of October 2025.
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Cover photo © Domenico Loia/Unsplash.
Sustainable digital devices
Web browsers and search engines